Generally includes low-cost generic and same brand-name drugs.
Generally includes includes higher-cost generic and many brand-
name drugs.
Generally includes brand-name and generic drugs and may have alternatives in Category 1 or 2.
Generally includes high cost generic drugs, high cost technology
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specialty drugs.
Scientists studying the health effects of smoking for decades have made clear conclusions as to smoking's dangers — Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causing many diseases and reducing the health of smokers in general.
Cigarette smoking approximately doubles a person's risk for stroke. Stroke can cause death or significant disability, such as paralysis, speech difficulties, and emotional problems.
An estimated 8.6 million persons in the United States have serious illnesses attributed to smoking; chronic bronchitis and emphysema account for 59% of all smoking-attributable diseases.
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) in the Legs or lower extremities is the narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs. Smokers are more than 10 times as likely as nonsmokers to develop peripheral arterial disease.
The list of diseases caused by smoking has been expanded to include abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataract, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, pneumonia, periodontitis, and stomach cancer. These are in addition to diseases previously known to be caused by smoking, including bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, laryngeal cancer, lung cancer, oral cancer, and throat cancer, chronic lung diseases, coronary heart and cardiovascular diseases, as well as reproductive effects and sudden infant death syndrome.